Free Essays on Korean Jewelry

Silla, Paekche, and Karak are known as the three realms in the Three Kingdoms time frame that happened around between the long stretches of 37 B. C. E. also, 668 C. E. In meeting up in solidarity, these three realms appreciated more opportunity than they had for a long time due to the absence of battling between their three realms just as the bound together front that they introduced to other people. Attacks turned out to be less successive from shared adversaries, to be specific Japan and China, who might proceed to attack and overwhelm Korea even in the twentieth century. The Three Kingdoms time frame was a period of prospering workmanship and capacity. It was a period that Korea started to see more things Chinese chiefly due to an intrusion of another sort, Buddhism. It was during this time numerous Korean individuals, for the most part chungin class craftsmen, started to see and mimic Chinese craftsmanship that was starting to be imported. The chungin class in Korea was known as white collar class. Theirs was a little gathering that comprised of instructed workers, for example, space experts, doctors, mediators and specialists. This gathering was subordinate to the yangban, or honorability. The yangban’s taste in workmanship contrasted in that from the chungin class. The chungin favored an increasingly reasonable way to deal with craftsmanship while the yangban’s taste was for the more fanciful and incredible. The chungin likewise wanted to talk in their local tongue, Hanguk (Korean) while the yangban thought of it as indecent not to talk in Chinese. Every Korean individuals who could compose as of now did as such in Chinese in light of the fact that the Korean characters were not â€Å"created† until the fifteenth century by King Sejong. Most privileged insights of the metal smithing and etching have stayed recently that, insider facts. There is an absence of composed data on most Korean abilities on the grounds that most gifted specialists used the ace understudy arrangement of going data through ages. Whatever we do think about the making of workmanship during this opportunity arrives from the compositions of ... Free Essays on Korean Jewelry Free Essays on Korean Jewelry Silla, Paekche, and Karak are known as the three realms in the Three Kingdoms time frame that happened around between the long periods of 37 B. C. E. furthermore, 668 C. E. In meeting up in solidarity, these three realms delighted in more opportunity than they had for a long time as a result of the absence of battling between their three realms just as the brought together front that they introduced to other people. Intrusions turned out to be less successive from shared adversaries, in particular Japan and China, who might proceed to attack and surpass Korea even in the twentieth century. The Three Kingdoms time frame was a period of thriving workmanship and capacity. It was a period that Korea started to see more things Chinese for the most part in view of an attack of another sort, Buddhism. It was during this time numerous Korean individuals, predominantly chungin class specialists, started to see and mimic Chinese craftsmanship that was starting to be imported. The chungin class in Korea was known as working class. Theirs was a little gathering that comprised of taught workers, for example, stargazers, doctors, mediators and craftsmen. This gathering was subordinate to the yangban, or respectability. The yangban’s taste in workmanship varied in that from the chungin class. The chungin favored a progressively sensible way to deal with craftsmanship while the yangban’s taste was for the more illusory and fabulous. The chungin additionally liked to talk in their local tongue, Hanguk (Korean) though the yangban thought of it as revolting not to talk in Chinese. Every single Korean individuals who could compose right now did as such in Chinese on the grounds that the Korean characters were not â€Å"created† until the fifteenth century by King Sejong. Most insider facts of the metal smithing and etching have stayed quite recently that, mysteries. There is an absence of composed data on most Korean aptitudes on the grounds that most talented laborers used the ace understudy arrangement of going data through ages. Whatever we do think about the making of workmanship during this opportunity arrives from the compositions of ...

Some Aspects of Muslim Educational System in Pre-Colonial India

A few ASPECTS OF THE MUSLIM EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN PRE-COLONIAL INDIA by Aamir Bashir ABSTRACT This paper investigates a portion of the until now less known parts of the Muslim Educational System in pre-pilgrim India. It inspects the expansive forms of this framework by taking a gander at the open disposition towards information, researchers and understudies; the different sorts of establishments, and the advancement of educational program. It likewise takes a gander at the profundity of Indian scholars’ commitment with IadEth and different sciences. At last, it likewise takes a gander at Sufis and their disposition towards the different Islamic sciences.The paper recommends that the instructive arrangement of the period under investigation was natural in structure and was in line with the necessities of the individual and the general public. The course of study was a decent harmony between the worldly and the strict. Indian ‘ulamE were completely drawn in with the IadEth sciences; and in conclusion, the Sufis gave extraordinary significance to every single Islamic science. This paper recommends that the recorded Muslim instructive framework in pre-frontier India gives important assets to the issues looked by present day instructive systems.INTRODUCTION The point of this paper is to uncover a portion of the until now less known parts of the Muslim Educational System in pre-pilgrim India. By pre-frontier India, we allude to the time from the approach of Islam in India in the start of the eighth century CE up to the union of pilgrim rule in the eighteenth century. 1 This short paper can't do equity to all the subtleties of the Muslim Educational System during this period. Along these lines, we will keep ourselves to just a few parts of it. These incorporate the advancement of the educational program throughout the hundreds of years, and general shapes of the instructive system.We will likewise be testing some traditional speculations. These incorporat e the idea that before the happening to the press, books were hard to come by in India. The other is that IadEth was generally secret in India until the happening to ShEh WalE AllEh (d. 1762). We will introduce singular episodes which we feel to be illustrative of a more extensive pattern and from these we will reach general inferences. During the period under investigation Muslim guideline bit by bit stretched out from Sindh to incorporate the entire of Northern India until it got one of the three significant Muslim forces of that time under 1All the dates referenced in this paper are CE (BC) dates except if in any case noted. the Great Mughals,2 Ottoman Turkey and Safavid Iran being the other two. Such a solid and immense realm required a solid regulatory structure which thusly required a successful arrangement of instruction. As we will see later, instruction was adequately looked for after, and accommodated during this time, to such an extent that India around then could well co ntrast and regularly contend and the focal terrains of Islam in the field of grant. 3POSITION OF KNOWLEDGE AND EDUCATION IN ISLAM We start our examination with taking a gander at the situation of information and training in Islam. Various Qur’anic refrains and Prophetic customs set up the centrality of information in Islam. The stanzas incorporate â€Å"Are the individuals who know and the individuals who don't know the same? † (39:9); the principal disclosure â€Å"Read for the sake of your Lord who created† (96:1); and the supplication educated in the Qur’an, â€Å"Say (O MuIammad), My Lord! Increment me in knowledge† (20:114). Correspondingly, the Prophetic conventions (aIEdEth) admonishing individuals to look for information are likewise well known.Examples remember the popular custom for which the Prophet is accounted for to have stated, â€Å"It is compulsory upon each Muslim to look for information. †4 At some other time, he said â₠¬Å"Seek information regardless of whether you need to go to China. †5 Similarly, al-TirmidhE has detailed an IadEth where the Prophet (Allah favor him and give him harmony) stated, â€Å"The greatness of a researcher upon the admirer resembles my greatness over the least one among you. † 6 This accentuation upon information and instruction has been underestimated in Muslim social orders since the start of Islam.The strict reason for the quest for information brought about characterizing the target of training as al-fawz bi al-sa‘Edah fi al-dErayn I. e. to prevail through rapture in this world and the great beyond. This thusly inferred instruction ought to be obtained 2 â€Å"Great Mughals† is a term used to allude to the initial six Mughal Emperors of India. These are, in sequential request, BEbar, HumEyEn, Akbar, JahEngEr, ShEh JahEn and Awrangzeb. These are the first and the best of all Mughal Emperors. Taking all things together, they ruled from 1526 to 1707 with a multi year interregnum from 1539 till 1555.The domain arrived at its peak with Awrangzeb (ruled from 1658-1707) and after his passing started her decrease which finished with the catch of the last Mughal sovereign BahEdur ShEh Zafar on account of the British in 1857. 3 S. M. Jaffar, Education in Muslim India, (Delhi: IdEra Adabiyyat-e-DillE, 1972), viii. 4 AbE Bakr AImad ibn al-? usayn al-BayhaqE, Shu‘ab al-OmEn, (Beirut: DEr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1410AH), 2:253. 5 Ibid. 6 MuIammad ‘Abd al-RaImEn ibn ‘Abd al-RaIEm MubErakpurE, TuIfat al-AIwadhE bi SharI JEmi‘ al-TirmidhE, ed. Abd al-RaImEn MuIammad ‘UthmEn, (Beirut: DEr al-Fikr, n. d. ), 7:456. 1. To comprehend the desire of God and to lead one’s life as indicated by it. 2. To teach Islamic qualities in oneself. 3. To develop refined conduct in oneself. 7 As can be seen from these targets, securing information was viewed as a holy obligation. It was the sole way to progress. In formation (‘ilm) and practice (‘amal) were between connected. Guidance (ta‘lEm) went connected at the hip with preparing (ta’dEb). The conventional Islamic idea of instruction was, along these lines, all encompassing as comprehended at that time.Muslim researchers had partitioned information into two sections, the farI ‘ayn (separately compulsory) and the farI kifEyah (altogether required); however there was no exacting detachment between the strict and the mainstream sciences. Both framed piece of an incorporated entirety. THE GENERAL ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC ATTITUDE As we have seen above, Islam has put impressive accentuation upon information. As a result of this we find that, verifiably, the general mentality of Muslims, all through the world, towards information, researchers and understudies had been that of reverence.In each land, there were to be discovered a critical number of individuals who had devoted themselves to learning as well as instruct ing. Simultaneously, the overall population thought of it as a demonstration of love to support the researchers and the understudies. This open disposition combined with security of the streets kept up by steady and solid Muslim governments, empowered individuals to move across significant stretches looking for information. Despite the unrefined methods for transport, individuals were continually progressing; understudies deciding to learn, educators going to instruct. GhulEm ‘AlE OzEd BilgirEmE (d. 785) writes in his book Ma’Ethir al-KirEm, which is a recorded record of sixteenth/seventeenth century Mughal India, that: Seekers of information travel in hoards starting with one spot then onto the next. Any place, the circumstance is pleasing, they get going in learning†¦. The wealthy individuals of every town deal with these searchers of information and think of it as an amazing privilege to serve them. 8 7 8 Al-Nadvi and Moinuddin, Survey of Muslim Education: India , (Cambridge: The Islamic Academy, 1985), 5. Sayyid ManE? ir AIsan GElEnE, PEk-o-Hind fundamental MusalmEnon kE Ni? Em-e-Ta‘lEm-o-Tarbiyyat. Lahore: Maktaba RaImEniyya, n. d. ) 19. The educators involved a high situation in the public arena. Despite the fact that their remittances were not generally incredible, they deserved all inclusive admiration and certainty. GilEnE makes reference to various episodes when the educators, disregarding their neediness, would not acknowledge any money related assistance from others; and whatever help or blessing was acknowledged, the supplier consistently believed it to be a respect for his blessing to have been acknowledged. 9 This demeanor was across the board all through the period under survey. Indeed, even absolutist rulers demonstrated concession to the ‘ulamE and the Sufis. Ni?EmE has likewise referenced a few episodes of ‘ulamE and Sufis declining illustrious blessings even while experiencing wretched neediness. 10 For so me, neediness was a picked way and the illustrious blessings were viewed as fixing long stretches of patient difficult work. Establishments The primary organizations for instructing and getting the hang of during the time of Muslim principle in India were maktabs and madrasahs,11 mosques and khEnqEhs (Sufi focuses), and private houses. Pretty much every mosque filled in as a primary school. In any case, an enormous number of famous researchers and men of letter instructed freely and even upheld the understudies who came to them to study.This then was the establishment whereupon the entire framework was assembled; the educator and the understudy. The issue of budgetary designations for school structures and arrangement of different administrations was not the top most need for these individuals. What was most significant was the presence of an earnest educator and a true understudy. In the event that these two were getting, different things could be extemporized. OzEd has referenced a popular educator of his old neighborhood Bilgiram, MEr MubErak. He instructed there for quite a long time however all through this time, he was situated in the verandah of a specific respectable of the town. verandah. 2 simultaneously, the state was not careless to issues of instruction. Rulers just as neighborhood Nawabs and other wealthy individuals thought of it as a demonstration of temperance to construct maktabs, madrasahs and to help instructors and understudies. We discover a system of such foundations; oneman schools just as bigger progressively sorted out issues; dispersed all through the length and expansiveness 9 Hundreds came and concentrated from him yet he kept on working from that Ibid. , 24. Khaliq Ahmad Nizami, Some Aspects of Religion and Politics in India during the thirteenth century, (Bombay: Asia Publishing, 1961), 15

Chemistry and Society Essay Example for Free

Science and Society Essay Science is a huge amount of a person’s regular daily existence. An individual can discover science in their day by day life in the nourishments that an individual eats, air an individual inhales, cleanser, and precisely everything an individual interacts with. Science is noteworthy in regular day to day existence since synthetic concoctions make up everything throughout everyday life. For instance, a person’s body, pet, a work area, the sun, food, and medications an individual may take, to give some examples. An individual can watch changes in science brought about by synthetic responses, for example, leaves evolving hues, preparing food, and blending a cleaning item. Realizing science can enable an individual to settle on everyday decisions that influence their life. For instance, if an individual should combine certain family synthetic substances. Precision is the extent where a specific estimation concurs with the standard worth for that estimation (Dictionary, 2011). Accuracy is the means by which close the deliberate measures are to one another (Math is fun, 2011). Society relies upon exactness and accuracy in regular daily existence. These two connections are frequently subbed openly, yet both have critical contrasts. Organizations involve both exact and exact estimations to remain in business. Exactness expresses that something is consistent with a distinguished rate, though accuracy is the volume of detail something conveys. Society relies upon exactness and accuracy in numerous spots. One case is the gas siphons. The gas siphon can show exactness when the gas is streaming, yet this is definitely not an exact estimation of how much gas is siphoning through the siphons. Gas siphons must not just skill much gas is siphoning through the siphons yet additionally how exact the estimation of gas siphoned. The gas organizations need to realize what amount is siphoned with the goal that the organization can charge the perfect sum for the gas. Some of the time in regular daily existence an individual wouldn't like to be exact. For instance, in the event that somebody stops and requests headings to the closest service station an individual may state that the following corner store is around 10 minutes not far off. Giving headings to somebody is a way an individual can give exact data. Another model is, when estimating a room in the house to paint and having to realize how much paint to give. An individual can either gauge and give an exact estimation or give a precise estimation on the space to paint. Another exactness and precision an individual may use in consistently is to what extent it takes their youngster to complete the schoolwork. An exact answer is 20 minutes, however the exact answer would be 20 minutes and 20 seconds. Time is a fantastic method to be exact or exact. References Dictionary.com. (2011). Exactness. Recovered November 3, 2011 from http://dictionary.reference.com/peruse/exactness Math is enjoyable. (2011). Exactness and Precision. Recovered November 3, 2011 from http://www.mathsisfun.com/exactness precision.html

The extent of bankers' awareness, attitude towards social enterprises Dissertation - 1

The degree of investors' mindfulness, demeanor towards social ventures business modes and social undertakings' capacity to attr - Dissertation Example Most definitely, they are two wellsprings of funds awards and non-awards. It is, in any case, intriguing to take note of that lion's share of social ventures do back their social exercises through awards gave by different government or non-government establishments. The portion of the awards gave by open organizations is a lot higher. At the end of the day, social ventures do mostly fall back on government awards subsidizing for satisfying their social objectivities. (Anderson, Dees and Emerson, 2002; Guclu, Dees, and Anderson, 2002; Social endeavors need to rely upon outside wellsprings of money for satisfying their social destinations as more often than not they are unequipped for creating enough incomes from their business exercises to fund their social exercises (Dees, 1994). The all the more fascinating thing to take note of that is they don't depend much on non-awards fund as an outer wellspring of their money. Award reliance among social ventures is very common regardless of w hether awards force specific sort of limitation on their exercises (Anderson, Dees and Emerson, 2002; Alter, 2006). ... (Dees, 1994; Blau, 2005). Issue explanation obviously, notoriety of non-award accounts like obligation money, value fund and so forth have expanded after some time among social ventures. Many experienced social undertakings are currently utilizing blended methodology of financing whether their consolidating award and non-award funds to back their social exercises. By and large, non-award funds are still less well known in examination with award accounts and subsequently, the issues that social undertaking face while utilizing awards despite everything endures and function as deterrents in the way of acknowledgment of their objectives. (Wei-Skillern, Leonard, and Stevenson, 2007; Dees, 1994) There are sure purposes for less-reliance on non-award fund, especially loaning which is viewed as one of the most widely recognized wellsprings of account for any business endeavor. The supervisors and originators of social endeavors by and large case that customary moneylender like banks don't m indful of their exceptional needs and have a negative disposition identifying with the issue of stretching out advances to them. This case is halfway obvious. From the perspective of a moneylender, especially of an investor, the progression of income and the limit of paying all the obligations with premium are the key components and measures for surveying the advance utilization of any association. In any case, reimbursing credit with interests is surely a test for the chiefs of those endeavors that work so as to meet some social destinations. (Dees, Emerson, and Economy, 2001; Blau, 2005) Since social enterprises’ operational destinations are unmistakable from those of regular business endeavors, the standards for surveying applications for credits ought not be same as

Costs and Benefits from Clinton to Bush Essay

Under the organization of previous president Bill Clinton during the financial year of 1999, roughly $108. 2 million was spent on outskirt control which incorporates tasks from criminal equity, law requirement and genuine fringe watch along the twenty-four U. S. - Mexico fringes alone (â€Å"Illegal Immigrants in U. S. /Mexico Border Counties Coalition†). In monetary year 2007 under the organization of President George Bush, around $7. 8 billion was looked to fund the entire fringe watch tasks which was generally $1 billion more than a year ago (Campbell). The bounce in the spending portion from 2006 depends on the objective of President Bush to include 12,000 more fringe watch specialists the nation over. Be that as it may, in 2001 and earlier years during the Clinton administration, the fringe control tasks were just supported with a normal of about $2 billion every year (Schmitt). The expansion in the subsidizing for outskirt watch from the Clinton through the Bush organizations has prepared for more watch types of gear, watch specialists and different assets important for making sure about the fringes. Be that as it may, the expansion in both labor and watching offices and types of gear has not so much slowed down unlawful migrants from intersection the outskirts. The explanation for this is in January of 2000 there were roughly 7 million unlawful workers in America as per the Center for Immigration Studies or CIS (â€Å"How Many Illegal Aliens are in the U. S.? †) and practically 50% of outsiders after year 2000 were expatriates assessed at around 3. 7 million (Camarota). The proceeded with illicit migration to the United States is evidence that fringe watch measures are not adequate which clearly remains as the essential purpose for the proceeded with increment in subsidizing. While the advantages from these measures incorporate the diminishing of illicit migration, the issue of unlawful movement can scarcely be halted in a limited ability to focus time as it has been a significant worry for over 10 years as of now. Works Cited Camarota, Steven A. â€Å"Immigrants at Mid-Decade: A Snapshot of America’s Foreign-Born Population in 2005†. Place for Immigration Studies. August 9, 2008. <http://www. cis. organization/articles/2005/back1405. html>. Campbell, Dakin. â€Å"Big Payoff for Big Business on Border Security? â€Å". 2007. NewsInitiative. Organization. August 9 2008. <http://www. newsinitiative. organization/story/2006/07/27/big_payoff_for_big_business>. â€Å"How Many Illegal Aliens are in the U. S.? † 2007. The American Resistance, August 9, 2008. <http://www. theamericanresistance. com/ref/illegal_alien_numbers. html>. â€Å"Illegal Immigrants in U. S. /Mexico Border Counties Coalition†. Washington, DC: U. S. /Mexico Border Counties Coalition, February 2001. Schmitt, Eric. â€Å"Ambivalence Prevails in Immigration Policy†. 2001. New York Times. August 9, 2008. <http://question. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9E05EED9173CF934A15756C0A9679C8B63>.

Drinking Alcohol Associated With Obesity

Drinking Alcohol Associated With Obesity Addiction Alcohol Use Print Drinking Alcohol Associated With Obesity By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on November 06, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 24, 2019 Peter Dazely/Getty Images More in Addiction Alcohol Use Binge Drinking Withdrawal and Relapse Children of Alcoholics Drunk Driving Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Is drinking alcohol linked to obesity? The answer is it is possible, although research on the association has produced inconsistent results. It may be that its not how often you drink, but how much you drink when you do drink that affects weight gain. Some research suggests that its your pattern of drinking that affects your body mass index (BMI). Body mass index (BMI) is the relationship of someones weight to their height. It is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by your height in meters squared. A BMI measurement of 18.5 to 25 indicates normal weight; 25 to 30 is overweight, and over 30 is considered obese. Pattern of Drinking Is a Factor A study of 37,000 drinkers who never smoked tobacco, found that BMI was linked to the number of drinks the subjects had on the days that they did drink. Because previous studies had linked smoking and drinking to weight gain, the NIAAA study looked at only those drinkers who had never smoked. In our study, men and women who drank the smallest quantity of alcoholâ€"one drink per drinking dayâ€"with the greatest frequencyâ€"three to seven days per weekâ€"had the lowest BMIs, said first author Rosalind A. Breslow, Ph.D., while those who infrequently consumed the greatest quantity had the highest BMIs. Contradictory and Inconsistent Results Previous studies have not definitively linked alcohol consumption with weight gain. A systematic review of the literature on the subject found that cohort studies with long periods of follow-up produced contradictory results. Findings from short-term experimental trials also failed to show a clear trend regarding drinking and obesity. Overall, the review found, that research has not established a clear link between alcohol consumption and weight gain. But, studies that did positively link alcohol consumption with weight gain mainly involved higher levels of drinking. Quantity and Frequency Are Factors Breslows study used a different method of assessing alcohol consumption compared to previous studies, she explained. Alcohol consumption consists of two components, explained Dr. Breslow, the amount consumed on drinking days (quantity), and how often drinking days occur (frequency). Previous studies generally examined drinking based only on average volume consumed over time. However, the average volume provides a limited description of alcohol consumption as it does not account for drinking patterns. For example, an average volume of 7 drinks per week could be achieved by consuming 1 drink each day or 7 drinks on a single day. Average volume may not fully explain important relations between quantity and frequency of drinking and health outcomes such as obesity. Heavy Drinking May Stimulate Eating Breslow and her colleagues concluded that there may be several reasons that her study found a link between both quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption to BMI. Alcohol is a significant source of calories, and drinking may stimulate eating, particularly in social settings, said Dr. Breslow. However, calories in liquids may fail to trigger the physiologic mechanism that produces the feeling of fullness. It is possible that, in the long-term, frequent drinkers may compensate for energy derived from alcohol by eating less, but even infrequent alcohol-related overeating could lead to weight gain over time. Type of Alcohol May Be a Factor Other studies have indicated that the type of alcohol consumed may be a factor in whether nor not drinkers experience weight gain. For example, light-to-moderate wine consumption has been found to protect against weight gain, while drinking spirits has been positively associated with weight gain. Additionally, common sense tells us that its called a beer belly for a reason. So, what is the bottom line? Does drinking alcohol cause weight gain or not? Does Drinking Cause Weight Gain? The answer could be yes if you: Drink heavily when you do drinkDrink beer and liquor, instead of wineIf you have a tendency for weight gain to begin with Scientists agree that more studies are needed to determine if drinking patterns increase the risks for weight gain if certain types of alcohol are more likely to cause weight gain and if the persons general tendency to gain weight regardless of their drinking is a factor when they do begin to drink.

The role of Equal Access in Gender Equality Campaigns - 275 Words

The role of Equal Access in Gender Equality Campaigns (Essay Sample) Content: The role of Equal Access in Gender Equality CampaignsName:Institution:Instructor:Date of Submission:IntroductionThis paper is a critique of two readings based on sports violence and how it becomes connected with gender on the basis of equal access. It is a focus on the role of equal access to sports and that of violence in sports. Sports violence is the use of excessive force or dirty words as well as gestures that can physically or emotionally harm another person (Messner, 1990). One of the two readings used in this critique is a book written by Messner. It focuses on the role of masculinity in promoting violence and aggression in sports, with a particular focus on American Football. The paper discusses the sources of this violence as well as its effects on the athlete and the injured opponent. It is a description of the role of sports in promoting male hegemony through violence. The other book used in this critique focuses upon on the effects of sports violence in o ur lives by Danielson. It focuses on the cradle of violence in sports and how much it affects those directly as well as indirectly involved.When Bodies are Weapons: Masculinity and Violence in SportsMessner argues from a feminist approach, and states that women have been left out of sports by men due to the use of aggression and violence. The author believes that the use of force and violence in sports was as a way to show dominance by male players, especially in Football. This argument is based on the fact that male players came up with sports violence to proof the superiority of masculinity over the female gender (Messner, 1990). There are fewer accounts of women being involved in sport violence than those related to men.Access for women into certain sports becomes difficult as it is made only suitable for masculine violence and aggression, with the strongest and biggest players becoming heroes in their teams. Messner believes that women play in a less violent environment, thus th eir game may not be as entertaining to the violence-oriented fans. All of the players interviewed by Messner were males who believed that sport violence was as long as it was committed within the rules while others thought it was a misuse of the body, which later suffered injuries. Messner depicts sports violence as acquired behavior gained from support from peers, coaches and the society as a whole (1990).Messner finds out that women are treated at weaker to men in terms of their capability to be aggressive and violent in sports. For instance, one spectator tells the author that it would be difficult for a woman to take a hit from a prominent "hitter" in the football game (Messner, 1990). In another picture, womenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s role has become that of cheering the men as they played.VIOLENCE IN SPORTS: How Does It Affect Our Lives?Danielson also agrees that women have been left out of sports through violence, but hints at more access for female players to the game. For example, Dani elson states that women also take part in violent sports like boxing. For instance, the bout between Frazer and Laila Ali was a violent sport preceded by aggression through verbal communication (Danielson, 1996).In the book, the author argues that sports violence started with blood games, which were a preparation for war in ancient days, and they had weak or no rules at all. However, blood games were later on regulated. They were dominated by male players, a factor that has lived to date. The book brings forward a greater view of the types of violence experien...